Which part of the brain controls sensory functions, motor functions, and higher intellectual functions?

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is primarily responsible for integrating sensory data, controlling motor functions, and facilitating higher intellectual functions such as reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is further divided into lobes that specialize in different functions. The frontal lobe, for example, is associated with motor control and higher cognitive functions, while the parietal lobe processes sensory information. This extensive role in managing both basic and advanced functions emphasizes the cerebrum's integral position in overall brain activity and functionality.

The cerebellum, while important for coordination and balance, does not directly handle sensory processing or higher intellectual tasks as the cerebrum does. The brain stem is crucial for regulating autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate, and while it does have some sensory and motor functions, it does not manage complex cognitive processes. The arachnoid, on the other hand, is a protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord and does not have any direct role in controlling brain functions.