Which of the following is included in the five P's of compartment syndrome?

In the context of compartment syndrome, the five P's are critical for identifying the condition. The correct option includes pain and paresthesia because these are two of the classic signs associated with this syndrome.

Pain is typically the earliest symptom, often described as severe and not relieved by standard analgesics. It tends to increase with passive stretching of the affected muscles, which is particularly significant in diagnosing compartment syndrome.

Paresthesia refers to abnormal sensations such as tingling or numbness, which may occur due to compressed nerves within the affected compartment. This symptom helps indicate nerve involvement and the seriousness of the condition.

Recognizing both pain and paresthesia as key indicators allows for timely diagnosis and intervention. Other options may include additional signs of compartment syndrome but may not align as closely with the five P's that are traditionally taught. Understanding these specific symptoms can enable timely recognition and treatment of compartment syndrome, thus reducing the risk of permanent damage to muscles and nerves.